CXCL3 is an ELR CXC chemokine. Its structural and functional characteristics are similarto GRO1 (CXCL1), GRO2 (CXCL2), and interleukin-8 (CXCL8). CXC chemokines is critical in the phase I inflammation, in which the PMN cells are rapidly chemoattracted. In the next phase of inflammation, the CC chemokines (MCPs) attract different cell subpopulations such as T cells, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. MMP12, primarily released by macrophages, can modulate the activity of ELR-CXC chemokines and cleavage human CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 within the ELR sequence at Glu6-Leu7.